Human Body

Every Part of Body Play important Roll in the Human Body. All Parts of Body are Important at their own place. But Here we Describe Some very Important Parts of the Human Body. Some detail of the Important Parts of Human Body like Brain, Heart, Digestive System, Lungs and Skin etc.

Brain

Making sense of the incredible complexity of the brain is not easy. What we do know is that it is the organ that makes us human, giving people the capacity for art, language, moral judgments, and rational thought. It is also responsible for the personality of each individual, memories, movements and how they perceive the world.

All this comes from a jelly like mass of fat and protein that weighs about 3 pounds (1.4 kilograms). It is, however, one of the largest organs in the body, consisting of about 100 billion nerve cells not only put the thoughts and highly coordinated physical actions together, but regulate our unconscious, such as digestion bodily processes and the breathing.

brain nerve cells known as neurons, which constitute the so-called organ "gray matter". Neurons transmit and electrochemical signals that communicate through a network of millions of nerve fibers called axons and dendrites meet. These are "white matter." From the brain

The brain is the largest part of the brain, accounting for 85 percent of the weight of the body. The distinctive exterior surface, is deeply wrinkled cortex, consisting of gray matter. Below this is the white matter. It is the brain that causes the brain and thus human beings-so formidable. While animals such as elephants, whales and dolphins have large brains, humans have more developed brain. It's full capacity within our skulls, which surrounds the rest of the brain, with deep folds maximize intercepts the area of ​​the cortex.

The brain has two halves, or hemispheres. Furthermore, it is divided into four regions, or lobes, on each hemisphere. The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are involved with speech, thinking, learning, emotion and movement. Behind them are the parietal lobes that process sensory information such as touch, temperature and pain. At the rear of the brain are the occipital lobes, dealing with vision. Finally, there are the temporal lobes, near the temples, which are responsible for hearing and memory.

Movement and Balance

The second most of the brain is the cerebellum, which is below the back of the brain. It is responsible for coordinating muscle movements and control the balance. Consisting of both gray and white matter, cerebellum transmits information to the spinal cord and other parts of the brain.

Diencephalon is located in the nucleus of the brain. A complex structures more or less the size of an apricot, the two main sections are thalamus and hypothalamus. The thalamus serves as a relay station for incoming nerve impulses throughout the body which is then forwarded to the corresponding region of the brain for processing. The hypothalamus controls the hormonal secretions of the pituitary nearby. These hormones regulate growth and instinctive behavior such as eating, drinking, sex, anger, and reproduction. The hypothalamus, for example, when a new mother begins to lactate controls.

The brain stem at the base of the organ, controls the reflexes and the basic functions of life, crucial as heart rate, breathing and blood pressure. It also regulates when you feel sleepy or awake.

The brain is extremely sensitive and delicate, and so requires maximum protection. This is provided by the surrounding skull and three tough membranes called meninges. The spaces between the membranes are filled with fluid that cushions the brain and keeps it from being damaged by contact with the inside of the skull.

Heart

The heart is the engine room of the body, responsible for pumping blood to sustain life through a 60,000-mile long network of vessels (97,000 kilometer). The organ works incessantly, beating 100,000 times a day, 40 million times a year in total timing up to three billion heartbeats over an average lifetime. freshly body supply of oxygen and nutrients, while maintaining cleaning harmful wastes.

The fetal heart develops through various stages in the womb first resembles a heart fish, then a frog, which has two chambers, after a snake with three before that finally the structure of four chambers of the human heart is taken.

About the size of your own fist closed, the organ is located in the center of the chest behind the breastbone and between the lungs, in a humid chamber is protected throughout the ribcage. It consists of a special type of muscle (heart muscle) operating involuntarily, so you do not have to think about it. The heart is accelerated slowdowns automatically or in response to nerve signals from the brain that tell you how much is being exercised body. Normally, the heart contracts and relaxes between 70 and 80 times per minute, each beat of the heart's four chambers filled inside with a new round of blood.

These are two separate cavities on each side of the heart pumps, which are divided by a wall of muscle called the septum. The upper chamber of each side is called the atrium. This is connected through a sealing valve to the larger, more powerful lower chamber or ventricle. The left ventricle to pump harder, so the heartbeat of a person feels in the left chest.

When the heart contracts, the cameras become smaller, forcing blood from the atria to the ventricles first, then each ventricle into a large blood vessel connected to the top of the heart. These vessels are the two main arteries. One of them, the pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs to receive oxygen. The other, the aorta, transports freshly oxygenated blood to the body. The vessels that carry blood to the heart are veins. The two main veins that connect to the heart are called the vena cava.

Blood delivery

Since the heart is at the center of the blood supply system, it is also essential for life. Much blood supply of oxygen from the lungs to other organs and tissues and removes carbon dioxide to the lungs, where gas is breathed. Blood also distributes power to the digestive system and the hormones of the glands. Similarly our immune cells travel in the bloodstream, the search for the infection and the blood carries waste products from the body to the kidneys and liver to be resolved and the paper.

Given many of the essential functions of the heart, it seems prudent to take care of it. However, heart disease has increased steadily over the past century, especially in industrialized countries, largely due to changes in diet and lifestyle. It has become the leading cause of death in men and women in the United States, claiming nearly 700,000 lives a year, or 29 percent of the annual total. Worldwide, 7.2 million people die of heart disease each year.

Digestive System

The digestive system is the set of tube-shaped organs that convert food into fuel our body. In total there are about 30 feet (9 meters) of these contoured auxiliary lines, starting at the mouth and ends at the anus. Along the way, food is broken down, sorted and reprocessed before being distributed throughout the body to nourish and replace cells and provide energy to the muscles.

Food on the plate has to become a puree, sticky liquid for the digestive system to break it up into its constituent parts: protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals. Our teeth begin the process of chewing and grinding every bite, while the language works in a ball-shaped bolus swallowing.

Moisten spit fed near the mouth of the gland begins the process of chemical digestion using specialized proteins called enzymes. Secreted at various points along the digestive tract, enzymes break large food molecules into smaller that the body is capable of absorbing molecules.

Once we swallow, digestion becomes involuntary. Food passes down the throat into the esophagus, the first of a series of hollow organs that transport their contents through muscle contractions known as peristalsis.

The esophagus empties into the stomach, a muscular chamber that mixes food with digestive juices, including pepsin, that targets proteins, and lipase, which works fat. Hydrochloric acid also helps dissolve the stomach contents while killing potentially harmful bacteria. The resulting pulp slurry-sealed chyme in the stomach by two ringlike sphincter muscles for several hours and then released in short bursts in the duodenum.

The first of the three sections of the small intestine, duodenum produces large amounts of mucus to protect the intestinal mucosa from acid chyme. Measuring about 20 feet (6 meters) in length, the small intestine, where it is the main digestion and absorption of nutrients are carried out. These nutrients are taken into the blood stream through millions of tiny fingerlike projections called villi, and transported to the liver.

What remains in the digestive tract passes into the large intestine, where it is eaten by billions of harmless bacteria and mixed with dead cells to form solid stool. Water is reabsorbed into the body, while the stool moves into the rectum awaiting expulsion.

Key players

Other organs that play a key role in digestion are the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The pancreas is a gland organ located behind the stomach that produces a cocktail of enzymes that are pumped into the duodenum. A duct duodenum is also connected to the gallbladder. This pear shaped sac squeezing browngreen bile, a waste product collected liver fatty acid-containing material to dissolve.

The liver itself is the main chemical factory of the body, performing hundreds of different functions. nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine, creating glycogen which gives energy from carbohydrates and sugary conversion of dietary proteins into new proteins necessary for our blood is processed. These are stored or released as needed, such as vitamins and minerals. The liver also breaks down unwanted chemicals, like any type of alcohol consumed, which is detoxified and passed from the body as waste.

Lungs

Our lungs fuel us with oxygen gas life-sustaining body. You breathe in the air, then remove oxygen and pass into the bloodstream, where it ran to the tissues and organs that require it to operate.

Oxygen leads the process of respiration, which provides our cells with energy. Residual carbon dioxide gas is produced as a byproduct and discarded when exhaling. Without this vital link our cells die quickly and leave the body to suffocate.

Since the process air lungs, which are the only internal organs that are constantly exposed to the external environment. Central to the human respiratory system, breathing between 2,100 and 2,400 gallons (8,000 and 9,000 liters) of air each day, the amount needed to oxygenate 2,400 gallons (9,000 liters) about blood being pumped by heart all the days.

The intricate construction

Our two lungs are composed of a complex network of pipes, which are suspended on either side of the heart into the chest cavity in a framework of elastic fibers. Air is drawn through the mouth and nose, the latter acting as an air filter trapping dust particles in their hair. The air is heated before passing through the trachea, where it splits at the bottom between two airways called bronchi leading to one of the lungs.

In the lungs, the division of the bronchi mucus lining like the branches of a tree in tens of thousands of increasingly smaller tubes (bronchioles), which connect to small sacs called alveoli. The average adult lungs contain about 600 million of these spongy, air-filled structures. There is enough in one lung alveoli to cover an area roughly the size of a tennis court.

The alveoli are where gas exchange takes central place. Air bags are surrounded by a dense network of small blood vessels or capillaries, which connect to the heart. Which they relate to the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood that needs to be updated. Oxygen passes through the incredibly thin walls of the alveoli into the capillaries and then brought back to the heart via the pulmonary veins. At the same time, carbon dioxide is removed from the blood through the same diffusion process. This residual gas is expelled as we exhale.

The rate at which we breathe is controlled by the brain, which is quick to detect changes in gas concentrations. This is definitely in the brain of interests which is the largest oxygen consumer in our body and the first organ to suffer if there is a shortage.

In and out

The actual work of breathing by the diaphragm, the muscle sheet between the thorax and the abdomen is mostly done. These muscles contract when we inhale, the expansion of the lungs and drawing in the air. We exhale simply by relaxing the diaphragm; lungs deflate like balloons.

The lungs are delicate and vulnerable to a number of diseases organs. The most common of them in Western countries are emphysema and bronchitis, which are often caused by smoking. The tubes inside the lungs become chronically inflamed, producing excess mucus. Smoking can also lead to lung cancer in the world major cancer, which is diagnosed in 1.4 million people a year.

Skin

Body organs are not all internal and brain or heart. There is one that we use abroad. The skin is our largest organ-adult take about 8 pounds (3.6 kilograms) and 22 square feet (2 meters square) of it. This fleshy covering does more than make us look presentable. In fact, without it, we would literally evaporate.

Skin acts as a waterproof shield, insulation, protecting the body against extreme temperatures, damaging sunlight and harmful chemicals. Also emanating antibacterial substances that prevent infection and produces vitamin D for converting calcium in bones healthy. The skin also is a huge full sensor brain nerves to maintain contact with the outside world. At the same time, the skin allows the free movement, proving itself an incredibly versatile organ.

The skin consists of three layers. The outermost is the epidermis. This consists mainly of cells called keratinocytes, made from the protein keratin hard (also the material in the hair and nails). Keratinocytes are several layers to constantly grow outward as the outer cells die and slough off. It takes about five weeks to the newly created to work their way to the surface cells. This cover dead skin known as the stratum corneum or horny layer, and its thickness varies considerably, being more than ten times thicker in the soles of the feet around the eyes. The epidermis contains defensive Langerhans cells, which alerts the body's immune system to viruses and other infectious agents.

The epidermis is attached to a deeper layer of skin known as the dermis below, which gives the body the strength and elasticity due to collagen and elastin fibers. Here blood vessels help regulate body temperature by increasing blood flow to the skin to allow the heat to escape, or restricting the flow when it is cold. A network of nerve receptors and feelings collect fibers such as touch, temperature and pain transmission to the brain.

The dermis contains hair follicles and glands with ducts which pass through the skin. Sweat glands lower the internal temperature through perspiration, while ridding the body of waste fluids urea and lactate. The apocrine glands, which develop during puberty, produce a scented sweat linked to sexual attraction which can also cause body odor, especially around the armpits. The sebaceous glands secrete oil-like sebum to lubricate the hair and skin.

base layer of the skin is the subcutaneous tissue, which includes a seam of fat established as a reserve fuel in case of food shortages. It also works as an insulator and absorbs bumps and drops us.

Skin color

skin color is caused by melanin, a pigment produced in the skin to protect us from ultraviolet (UV) potentially carcinogenic ultraviolet sun. People with dark skin produce more and melanin particles deeper color. People with darker skin are native to tropical regions, particularly those with few areas of dense forest.

White skin is an adaptation that is found in people of northern latitudes where sunlight is relatively weak. Here dark skin benefits are outweighed by the need to build strong bones Vitamin D, produced by exposure to UV rays. But warm sunny environments carry the risk of serious skin damage. Australia, where most of the population of northern European descent, have higher rates of skin cancer in the world, representing more than 80 percent of all cancers diagnosed each year there.