Chromosome Mutation

Natures is the intention that the exact genetic information from both parents will be in the DNA of offspring in the critical stages of fertilization. However, it is possible to mutate the genetic information, in most cases, can result in fatal or negative impact on the result of the new body.

Non-Disjunction and Down's Syndrome

A well known example is the mutation nondisjunction. Nondisjunction is when the spindle fibers do not separate during meiosis, giving rise to gametes with an extra chromosome and some gametes lacking a chromosome.

If this non-disjunction of chromosome 21 of a human egg is produced, a condition called Down syndrome occurs. This is because their cells have 47 chromosomes instead of the normal chromosomes fulfilled in humans 46.

The fundamental structure of a chromosome is subject to mutation, which most likely will occur during cross in meiosis. There are a number of ways in which the chromosome structure can be changed as follows, which detrimentally change the genotype and phenotype of the organism. However, if the mutation affects an essential part of chromosome DNA, the mutation may be aborted offspring before it has a chance to be born.

The types of chromosomal mutations where the whole move genes are as follows:

Deletion of a Gene

As the name suggests, the genes of a chromosome is lost permanently as they become untethered to the centromere and are lost forever

1. Normal chromosome before mutation
2. Unconnected to the centromere genes become loose and lost forever
3. New chromosome lacks certain genes which can be fatal depending on the importance of these genes are

Duplication of Genes

In this situation, the mutant genes are shown twice on the same chromosome due to the duplication of these genes. This can be an advantageous mutation has been lost or altered without the genetic information and new genes are won

1. Normal chromosome before mutation
2. The genes of the homologous chromosomes are copied and inserted into the genetic sequence
3. New chromosomal genes has its initial addition of a duplicate, usually harmless